Avoca New York Family Sketches

Transcribed by Lynn Tooley

Avoca New York Family Sketches extracted from Landmarks of Steuben County, by Hon. Harlo Hakes, 1896.

Arnold, Alex J.

Alex J. Arnold, was born in Avoca, April 24, 1852. Lyman Arnold, his father, was born in Washington County, N.Y., and came to Avoca when quite small where he engaged in farming. He married Mary McNeil, by whom he had one son, Alex J., who was educated in the schools of Avoca and Bath. He has been a farmer from early life, and now owns a farm of 140 acres within the corporation limits. He married Louisa, daughter of J. N. Bradish, by whom he had one son, Clarence B. Mr. Arnold was supervisor for three terms, and has also been president of the village He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Avoca Lodge No. 673, and is a member of the I.O.O.F.

Bartlett, James

James Bartlett, was born in Yates county, August 4, 1845, son of Silas, who was born in the same county. Silas Bartlett followed farming the most of his life. He married Hannah Barton, of Livingston county, by whom he had four children : Morris, James, Clinton, and Warren. James was educated in the district schools of Yates county, then removed to Steuben county, settling first in Prattsburg, where he lived about sixteen years, then came to Avoca, where he has since resided. He is engaged in farming and owns a farm of 179 acres, about two-thirds of which is im- proved Mr. Bartlett’s first wife was Martha, daughter of Henry Barker, of Yates county, by whom he had five children: Morris, Frank, William, Carrie, and Nettie. His present wife was Helen, daughter of Luther Wheeler, one of the early settlers of Prattsburg. They have one son, Charles. Mr. Bartlett has held the office of highway commissioner in Avoca. January 18, 1864, he enlisted in the 22d New York Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. He is a member of Morey Post G. A. R. No. 507, and of the Masonic Lodge No. 673.

Bauter, Marcus

Marcus Bauter, now of the village of Avoca, but formerly an old and prominent resident in Wheeler, was born in Herkimer county, in 1814, and there received a good education. His grandfather, Uriah Bauter, was a native of Germany, born in 1754. He, with two brothers, came to America while young men, and he and one brother engaged in farming, while the other brother became a blacksmith, and became wealthy and died a bachelor. Uriah also became prosperous and owned a large tract of land. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and during his absence from home his wife and five children were taken prisoners by the Indians and tories; the wife and four children were released, but the oldest son a boy of nine years, was taken to Canada and held for twelve years, when he was escorted back to his own home by a tory, who was one of the capturing party, and who returned before his identity became known. The young man was accidentally killed at a raising soon after his return home. Adam Bauter, father of Marcus, was born in Montgomery county, in 1779. He went to the town of Stark, N. Y., where he spent his life at farming. He married Catherine Wagoner, a native of Herkimer county, by whom he had ten children. When twelve years of age Marcus Bauter engaged as clerk in a store, and in 1835 he came to Wheeler and purchased a tract of timberland, on which he devoted most of his time. His first twelve winters and three summers were spent in teaching, beginning with ten dollars per month, and with money thus earned he hired his land cleared of the timber, and added from time to time until he owned 500 acres. In politics he was first a Democrat, but changed to the Republican party when his party endeavored to force slavery into Kansas. In early days he was school commissioner in Wheeler, and was later elected town superintendent of the schools for several years, and was commissioner of highways, inspector of election, etc. In 1885 he retired to the village of Avoca, where he purchased a residence, but retains 100 acres of his farm for his own use. He married Sarah, daughter of Pittkin Eells, of Wheeler, by whom he had seven children: John M., Mrs. Hannah Webb, Dewitt C., Mrs. Margeia Shaut, Sarah, deceased, Nettie and George W. His wife died in December, 1888, and he is now an active, well-preserved old gentleman of eighty-one years.

Billings, Oscar

Oscar Billings, was born in Wheeler, September 7, 1858. Albert Billings, his father, was born in Washington county, N. Y., and came to Wheeler about 1854, where he engaged in farming. He married Elmira Clop of Washington county, by whom he had nine children. Oscar Billings was educated in Wheeler, after which he engaged in farming which he followed up to 1889, and since that time has devoted his time to milling, under the firm name of Billings, Beale & Co., running a grist mill in Avoca, and which business he still follows. He married Emma, daughter of Harry Fox, by whom he had five children: Walter S., Lulu E., Warren E., Lillie, and Ora. Mr. Billings is at present trustee of the village, and member of Avoca Lodge of I. O. O. F. , No. 538.

Bozard, Earle W.

Earle W. Bozard, was born in Cattaraugus county, N.Y., January 24, 1862. Henry M. Bozard, his father, was born in Tioga county, N. Y., and moved to Cattaraugus county when a boy, where he resided until recently, when he removed to the city of Rochester, N. Y. He married Mary Barker, of Cattaraugus county, by whom he had four children: F. Adell, Earle W. , Mary M. and Ray R. Earle W. was educated in the Union Free School at Olean, N.Y., was two years with Miss Mary L. Pettit in a private school, finishing at Franklinville Academy, after which he began reading law in December, 1882, with Hon. Edwin Hicks at Canandaigua, N.Y., and was admitted in January, 1886. He moved to Avoca in December, 1888, where he has since been in the practice of law. He married Nellie W., daughter of John F. Clark, by whom he has had two children, Anna Mae and John Earle.

Brown, Merwin E.

Merwin E. Brown, was born at Painted Post, Steuben county, December 7, 1851. Gardner Brown his father, was born in Waterbury, Conn., and came to Steuben county about 1885, and settled in Painted Post, where he was a carpenter and lumberman, which business he followed up to 1864. From Painted Post he came to Prattsburg, where in engaged in farming, after which he went to Bloods, and from there to Cohocton; from there he came to Wallace, where he died in 1884 aged sixty-nine years. He married Dorothea A. Marks, of Pennsylvania, by whom he had ten. children: Sanford, Augustus, Elvira, Louisa, Dora, Mary, Henry, Hattie, Merwin, and Estella. Merwin E. engaged in farming up to 1877, and since that time has been buying and selling grain, potatoes, etc. He married May E., daughter of Joseph Wilson, of Ontario, Canada, by whom he had one daughter, Florence. Mr. Brown has filled the numerous offices of the town and is at present assessor, and is a member of the I. O. O. F., Wallace Lodge No. 519.

Brozitsky, E.

E. Brozitsky, was born in Poland, along the German line, August 15, 1857, and came to the United States in 1872, and first settled in Prattsburg, where he remained one year, and since 1874 has been in the town of Avoca. At present he is a farmer and stock dealer, and owns a farm of eighty-eight acres. He married Christianna, daughter of James Holland, by whom he had two children: Anna, and Iola. Mr. Brozitsky is a member of Avoca Lodge No. 673, also of the Royal Arcanum.

Buck, Moses E.

Moses E. Buck, was born in Connecticut, June 27, 1833, son of Alva H., who was also born in Connecticut. Alva H. came to the town of Bath about 1840, where he was engaged in lumbering up to the time of his death. He married Lucretia Ann Bailey, Connecticut, by whom he had five children: Moses E., Lucy, Martha, Susan, and John. His second wife was Miss Emeline Carr and his third a Miss Jane Totten. Moses E. was educated in the district schools of Bath and at the age of eighteen learned the carpenter’s trade, which business he continued in for twenty years. He built the large barns on the stock farm of Samuel I. Haskins. He has also been engaged in the manufacture of chairs up to within two years ago, since which time he has been interested in a grist mill at Avoca. Mr. Buck married Ellen, daughter of Henry Willis, of Bath, by whom he had these children : Harry, deceased; Frances, wife of Aaron Shaver; Fred, Adella, and James, who is a graduate of Miller’s Business College of Elmira and is now in the Hallock Bank of Bath. Mr. Buck has held the office of road commissioner. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Avoca Lodge No. 562. He and his family are members of the Baptist church.

Chase, Thomas C.

Thomas C. Chase, was born in Michigan, January 11, 1839, son of Nathaniel B. Chase, who was jporn in the town of Cohocton, Steuben county, in 1814, and in 1836 married Deborah, daughter of Amos Stiles, of Livingston county, N. Y. , and they had three children: Thomas C., Mrs. Dr. D. S. Allen, of Seneca, Ontario count)^, and Ida Belle, who died in infancy. Mr. Chase died September 20, 1887, and Mrs. Chase on February 7, 1872. Thomas C. acquired his education in Prattsburg and Lima schools, and was agent for the N. Y. , L. E. & W. R. R. Company for a period of thirty years, and in 1889 was compelled to resign on account of poor health, and at present is not actively employed in any business. He married Mary Hees, of Avoca, and their children were Mary E. , Constant C., and Nathaniel B. His present wife is Sabra, daughter of Erastus Baird, and they have one daughter, Clara L. Mr. Chase is a member of the I. O. O. F.

Cook, James E.

James E. Cook, was born in Bath, August 9, 1863. James E. Cook, his father, was born at Erwin, and came to Bath in early life. He was a farmer, which business he followed all his life. He married Helen M., daughter of John R. Roberts, one of the first settlers of the town of Avoca, by whom he had two children: Mary and James E., who was educated in the schools of Wallace, after which he engaged in farming on the farm where he was raised, and for eleven years has been working on the railroad as operator at Bath one year, three years at Savona, and has been at Wallace four years as station agent on the D.,L. & W.R.R. He married Alma M., daughter of Myron Jewett, of Bradford, Pa., by whom he had two children: Ida B. and Eva M.

Cornue, M. C.

M. C. Cornue, was born in McHenry county, Ill., November 6, 1848, son of Daniel A. Cornue, who was born in Canajoharie, and came to Steuben county when thirteen years of age. M. C. Cornue was graduated from the Wolworth Academy, in Wisconsin, in 1869. He then engaged in business in the village of Wallace, in 1888, open- ing a general store. He married Anna Belle, daughter of Charles Able, of Wiscon- sin. For his present wife he married Delphina Hopkins, daughter of Duty Hopkins of Steuben county, and they have one son, Claud C. Mr. Cornue has been assessor, justice of the peace, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. of Wallace.

Cotton, Thomas

Thomas Cotton, was born in Dansville April 6, 1831. Silas Cotton, his father, was born in Hartford, Washington county, October 9, 1800, and came to Steuben county about 1827, first settling in Dansville, and in 1865 came to the town of Avoca, where he remained up to his death, which occurred in 1871. He was a farmer by occupation and married Lydia Boyce, of Granville, Washington county, by whom he had two children : Eliza (deceased), and Thomas, who received his education in Rogersville Seminary, after which he engaged in farming, and now owns a farm of over 200 acres, located on the Cohocton River Road. He married Ann S., daughter of Samuel H. Allen, of Avoca, by whom he had four children: Bayard T., Sarah, Charles O., and Eliza. Mr. Cotton is a land surveyor, has been president of the Schad Wheel Factory for four years, has been supervisor four years, and is a member of Avoca Lodge of Masons, No. 673.

Cotton, William H.

William H. Cotton, was born in Hartford, Washington county, July 17, 1883, son of Thomas Cotton, who was also born in Hartford in 1793, and was a carpenter and joiner by trade. He married Clara, daughter of Daniel Pierce, and they were the parents of six children: Zina, Phoebe, Norman, Charlotte, William H., and Willard H. Mr. Cotton cnme to the town of Dansville when thirteen years of age, worked on a farm for a time, and then went into the lumber business, which he followed for twelve years; then came to Avoca in 1872, taking up farming again and dealing in produce. He has been postmaster for about a year and a half, and was appointed under Cleveland. He married Mariett Lyon, of South Dansville, and his present wife is Maggie Rolph, of Kanona, and they have one daughter, Clara Bell. Mr. Cotton has filled the office of highway commissioner and assessor for three terms, and commissioner of excise for two terms. He is a member of Avoca Lodge No. 673, F. & A. M., and also of Wallace Lodge, I.O.O.F., No. 519.

Doud, John C.

John C. Doud, was born in Truxton, Cortland county, in 1805, and came to Wheeler in 1830, where he was employed by his brother George in chopping and clearing land. Here he met Martha Olcutt, born in Pompey, Onondaga county, November 13, 1808, to whom he was married, January 1, 1832. He settled in the southwest corner of Wheeler, on a farm of one hundred acres, which was then a wilderness; he cleared it up, and resided thereuntil his death in 1848. They had six children: Ira G., Johnnie E., Rosel W., Seth L., Martha L., and Eliza S. Rosel Doud is the owner of ninety-eight acres of land. He married Abigail Hopkins of Avoca, by whom he had one daughter, Annie E., who is the wife of John J. Hopf.

Dutcher, James R.

James R. Dutcher, was born at Penn Yan, May 23, 1851. Henry Dutcher, his father, was born in Schoharie, county, N. Y. , May 9, 1827. He was a machinist by trade and later became the owner of a farm in Yates county. He married Sophia, daughter of Adonijah Kirkham of Schoharie county, by whom he had these chil- dren: George of Corning, William also of Corning, Mrs. Kenfield of Avoca, Della of Dundee, and Charles, present residence unknown. James R. was educated in Penn Yan, Dundee and Hammondsport, graduating from the High School of Penn Yan. He was engaged in the railwav mail service for twenty-one years, apprenticed in 1874, and still continues in the service, and prior to that time was in the post-office in Avoca. He married Ida A., daughter of Clark Charlesworth of Avoca, by whom he had these children: Charles A., Oliver C., and Clarence C., deceased. Mr. Dutcher is a member of Avoca Lodge of Masons, No. 673.

Faults, William H.

William H. Faults, was born Bath, July 8, 1856. Henry Faults, his father, was born in Germany and came to the United States with his parents when he was six years of age, and first settled in Wayland, where he engaged in the tanning business, which he followed for many years. At present he is bridge inspector on the N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. He married May Dunn of Wayland, by whom he had four children: Mary C., William H., Laura and Frank. William H. engaged in the railroad and farming business, and the last seven years has been in the clothing business in Avoca and carries a general line of clothing and gents’ furnishing goods. He married Cora Sharp of Avoca. Mr. Faults has filled the office of collector, and is a member of the I. O. O. F., Wallace Lodge, No. 519.

Fox, Daniel A.

Daniel A. Fox, was born in Bath (now Avoca), February 24, 1834, George P. Fox, his father, was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., June 10, 1816, and came to the village of Avoca in 1883. He was a wagonmaker by trade, which business he followed to within a year of his death, which occurred in 1878, aged sixty-eight years. He married Julia Ann Anderson, daughter of Capt. Daniel Anderson of Lyme, Conn., by whom he had four children: George N., Hezekiah, who enlisted in Co. E, 141st Regiment N. Y. Volunteers, who died in November, 1862, at Laurel Factory, Md.; Julia A., wife of P. H. Neil. Daniel A. is now engaged in farming and owns a farm of 115 acres. He married Dorlisca Shults of Avoca, by whom he had five children: Emerson E., Roger H., Clarence T., Langrave S., and Maude. Peter C. Fox, his grandfather, came to the town of Wheeler from Montgomery county, N. Y., in 1833.

Fox, G. Albert

G. Albert Fox, was born in the village of Avoca, March 10, 1836. George P. Fox, his father, was born in the town of Palatine Bridge, Montgomery county, N. Y., in June, 1810, and came to Bath in 1833. He was a wagonmaker by trade, and married Julia A. Anderson of Connecticut, by whom he had these children: D. A. , born February 24, 1834; G. A., born March 10, 1836; Hezekiah B., born in August, 1838; and Julia B., born in 1843. G. Albert Fox was educated in Avoca, with the exception of one term in Rogers Union Seminary He learned the wagonmaker’s trade, and also followed the carpenter trade in connection with it, and for thirty-six win- ters has taught school. About twenty-five years ago he began farming in the town of Avoca, and now owns a farm of 164 acres. He married Elinore L. Ketan of Prattsburg, by whom he had these children: Fannie, C. E., D. H., Lloyd G. and Rosco C. Fannie and C. E. are teachers. Mr. Fox has filled the office of justice for some years.

Hall, Jeremiah

Jeremiah Hall, was born in Urbana, April 22, 1842. Thomas Hall, his father, was born at Williamsport, Pa., August 1, 1813. He was a farmer and came to Urbana about 1834, and later came to Bath, where he lived until his death, which occurred in October, 1893. He married Emily Douglass of Steuben county, by whom he had these children: Mary, Almira, Jeremiah, Ary, Ann, and Frank. Jeremiah was first engaged in farming, after which he worked' at the blacksmith trade, which business he followed for twelve years. He was postmaster of Avoca under Harrison for four and a half years, and since 1893 has been in the clothing business in the village. He enlisted in the 107th N. Y. Vols., in August, 1862, and served for a term of three years, returned unharmed in poor health. He owned and conducted a hardware business in Avoca from 1882 to 1891. Mr. Hall was supervisor one term. He is a member of Avoca Lodge of Masons, No. 678, also of Morey Post, 507.

Hennis, Benjamin

Benjamin Hennis, was born in England in November, 1822, and came to the United States in 1862, and first settled at Rogersville, Steuben county, where he bought a farm. He remained in that part of the county for three years and then came to the town of Avoca and purchased a farm of 260 acres, where he has lived ever since. He was a farmer prior to coming to the United States. He married Matilda Wall of England, by whom he had four children: Agnes, John, Ebenezer, and Benjamin. Agnes and Benjamin are dead.

Hyna, John

John Hyna, was born in Herkimer county, April 10, 1842. Enos Hyna, his father, was born in Germany and came to the United States when twenty years of age. He settled in Herkimer, where he engaged in farming. In 1844 he came to the town of Avoca and settled near. Avoca village, where he cleared a farm of eighty-seven acres. He married Christiana Weno, by whom he had these children: Marietta, John, Peter, William, and Samuel. John Hyna was educated in the district school of Avoca, after which he engagedin farming and now owns a farm of ninety acres, which he cleared by his own efforts. He married Harriet, daughter of Benjamin K. Drake of Wheeler, by whom he had three children : Erastus, Katie, and Constance.

Mackie, Frank G.

Frank G. Mackie, was born in the town of Avoca, July 15, 1855, son of Robert Mackie, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and came to the United States in 1820, and first settled with his father, William Mackie, in Paterson, N. J., and in 1824 came to Avoca, Steuben county, where he has since resided on a farm of 320 acres, his principal crops being potatoes, barley, rye, and oats. Robert married Jane Howard, and they have two children: Sophia and Frank G. The latter was edu- cated in the town of Avoca, and is a farmer by occupation. He married Hannah, daughter of Joseph Eells, of Avoca. Mr. Mackie has filled the office of assessor for one term.

Mathewson, Lemuel

Lemuel Mathewson, was born in the town of Avoca, February 16, 1888 son of Joseph Mathewson, who was born in Providence, R. I., and came to the town of Avoca in 1816, where he began farming, which occupation he followed until his death, which occurred in 1867. He married Zilpha, daughter of John B. Calkins, of Half Moon, Saratoga county, and they were the parents of eight children: Barney, Lemuel, Lucinda, Eunice, Mary, Joseph, Zilpha, and Calkins, six of whom are living. Lemuel owns a farm of 520 acres, which he manages in connection with the post-office, of which he was postmaster four years under Cleveland’s first administration, and also since 1893. He married Matilda, daughter of S. H. Palmer, a farmer of Avoca, and they have two children: Deyo P. , who is a medical graduate of the University of New York, and Eveline. Mr. Mathewson was highway commissioner for eight years, supervisor for three terms, president of the County Agricultural Society two years, 1883 and ’84, vice-president three years, 1877, ’80 and ’81, and president of the village of Avoca in 1884.

Olmstead, Jeremiah

Jeremiah Olmstead, was born in Montgomery county. May 4, 1818. Erastus Olmstead, his father, was born in Connecticut and came to Montgomery county quite early in life, where he engaged in farming, which business he has followed all his life. He cleared a farm of eighty-five acres, and married Jane Conover of Montgomery county, by whom he had ten children. Jeremiah was educated in the district schools of Montgomery county, after which he engaged in farming, which business he has followed all his life and now owns a farm of 180 acres in the town of Avoca. He married Charlotte, daughter of Rudolph Dagart of Wheeler, by whom he bad these children: Chester, and Alice, now Mrs. Charles Hope.

Olmsted, John E.

John E. Olmsted, was born in the town of Avoca, August 27, 1858, son of Erastus Olmsted, who was born in the town of Avoca, March 6, 1830, and grandson of John Olmsted, who was born in Montgomery county and settled in this town where he bought land and cleared a farm of 100 acres. October 27, 1852, Erastus married Margaret, daughter of William P. Bellenger, of Montgomery county, who was among the first settlers of this county. They have one son, John E., who was educated in the town of Avoca. He was in the mercantile and produce business from 1876 to 1888 in the village of Wallace, since which time he has devoted his time to farming and to the sale of agricultural implements. He married Estella M. Tripp, of Cohocton, and they have one daughter, Bulah M. Mr. Olmsted has filled the offices of assessor and highway commissioner. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity of Avoca, No. 673, and Wallace Lodge, No, 519, I. O. O. F.

Olmsted, Milton

Milton Olmsted, was born in Avoca March 18, 1843. John Olmsted, his father, was born in Connecticut, February 23, 1800. In childhood he came with his parents to Montgomery county, N. Y., and when twenty-one years of age came with his brother James to Avoca, Steuben county, and settled on the farm now owned by his son, which was then a wilderness. He bought land and cleared the farm on which he spent the remainder of his life, and on what has since been known far and wide as Olmsted Hill. He afterwards purchased two different farms in the same locality which has since been owned by his sons. He married Amanda Edwards, formerly of Montgomery county, but who came to Avoca with her people some years later than the Olmsteds. She died in 1863, after which he married Lucinda Van Wie, widow of the late John Van Wie of Howard. She died in 1881. He lived to the ad- vanced age of eighty-eight years, and died July 6, 1888. The result of the former marriage was ten children, of which Milton, the subject of this sketch, was the eighth. Three died in childhood; the remainder grew to manhood and womanhood, and six are still living. Milton Olmsted received the education and common school training common to farmers’ sons of that time, after which he engaged in farming which business he has followed all his life. In 1868 he was married and went to Schuyler county, where he resided until 1886. when he returned to Avoca and came into possession of the homestead farm and cared for his invalid father until the latter died two years later. He married Esther S., daughter of Isaac W. Fero of Beaver Dams, Schuyler county, and grandfather of the late Chester Knowlton of Hornby. (Both pioneers of Hornby, Steuben county, the former assisting his parents to locate and clear land in what was at that time Hornby, but now Orange, Schuyler county). The fruits of this marriage were two daughters: Alida T. and Iva Viola. The oldest (Alida) is now a nurse in the hospital at the Soldiers’ Home at Bath. The youngest is with her parents at their home on Olmsted Hill. Mr. Olmsted is a member of the Grange and a Knight of the Maccabees and politically is a Prohibitionist.

Oxx, Ripley

Ripley Oxx, was born in Avoca, July 2, 1834. Jonathan Oxx, his father was born in Washington county in 1799, and came to Avoca and from there to Howard in about 1814, and settled on a farm. He married Sallie K., daughter of Ripley Colk, by whom he had six children: Ripley, Hannah, Warren W. , Steuben C., Monroe, and Charity. Ripley was educated in the district schools of Avoca, after which he engaged in farming which he has followed most of his life. He married Helen Van Atten of Cohocton, by whom he had seven children. Mr. Oxx has held the office of constable for many years, and is at present justice of the peace.

Pixley, Frank

Frank Pixley, was born in Canisteo, March 9, 1858. William Pixley, his father, was born in the town of Howard, and engaged in farming in the town of Canisteo, and now lives retired in the village. He married Ann Fogle of Canisteo, Steuben county, by whom he had five children: Fred, L., Dr. E., Sarah, and Frank, who was educated in the town of Howard, after which he came to Avoca where he has lived on a farm of 126 acres for about two years. He married Ida, daughter of Lewis Borden, a farmer of Wheeler, by whom he had one daughter, Alice. He is a member of the Maccabees.

Redhead, Thomas J.

Thomas J. Redhead, was born in Syracuse, N. Y., January 13, 1851. Thomas Redhead, his father, now lives in this city, an old and respected citizen, and has been an active business man as merchant tailor. He married Ann Brackenbury of Syracuse. Thomas J. was educated in Syracuse and came to Avoca in 18-- . He learned the trade of carpenter and builder, which business he carries on in the vil- lage of Avoca, and as contractor has erected almost every prominent building in the village. He married Kate A., daughter of Albert Billings of Avoca They have one adopted daughter, Lula. Mr. Redhead has filled the office of trustee of the village, and at present is justice of the peace. He is a member of I. 0. O. F., Avoca Lodge, No. 562, and charter member of the M. E. church, and superintendent of the Sunday school.